Self-Confidence in Metacognitive Processes in L2 Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2023-11-1-1-13Keywords:
gifted, self-confidence, meta-cognition, self-regulated motivation, L2 languageAbstract
The study aims to identify the role of self-confidence, meta-cognition, personality traits, and motivation (predictive variables) as factors of success in second language (L2) learning. It is assumed that there is a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process, which distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, and that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and has a significant role in the self-regulated motivation of gifted students. The results on the Language Proficiency Test are a criterion variable, while gender, residence in the country of the native speaker, duration of L2 learning, and average grade in studies are moderator variables. The sample is convenient, and consists of 460 students from the University of Novi Sad and the University of Belgrade. The research was carried out using a quantitative approach and a method of systematic non-experimental observation. The following instruments are used: the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire, the Meta-cognitive Awareness Inventory, the Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory, the English Language Motivation Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the L2 Proficiency Test. The main findings confirmed the hypothesis of a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process that distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, as well as that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and plays an important role in the self-regulated motivation of the gifted. This confirms the significance of self-confidence in self-regulation and provides an indirect role in L2 learning achievements. Students should be aware of meta-cognitive processes and try to self-regulate their knowledge and learning strategies.
Downloads
References
Altaras, A. (2006). Darovitost i podbacivanje [Giftedness and underachievement]. Mali Nemo, Institut za psihologiju & Centar za primenjenu psihologiju Društva psihologa Srbije: Pancevo-Beograd, Serbia.
Bandura A. (1990). Self-regulation of motivation through anticipatory and self-reactive mechanisms. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. 38: 69-164.
Baumeister, R., Jennifer, F,. Campbell, D., & Krueger, J. I. (2003). Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance, Interpersonal Success, Happiness, or Healthier Lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431.
Benabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2002). Self-confidence and personal motivation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), 871–915. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302760193913
Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention. Child development, 78(1), 246-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x
Brinkman, D.J., Tichelaar, J., Agtmael, M.A., Vries T.P.G., & Richir, M.C. (2015). Self-reported confidence in prescribing skills correlates poorly with assessed competence in fourth-year medical students, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 55(7), 825-830. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.474
Colman, A. M. (2008). A Dictionary of Psychology, Edition 4th. Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199534067.001.0001
Csikszentmihályi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihályi & I. S. Csikszentmihályi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 15–35). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621956.002
Dweck, C.S. (1999). Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development (1st ed.). Psychology Press. Taylor & Francis Group https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315783048
Forsyth, D. R., Lawrence, N.K., Burnette, J. L., & Baumeister, R.F. (2007). Attempting to Improve the Academic Performance of Struggling College Students by Bolstering Their 2007 Self–esteem: An Intervention that Backfired; Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 26(4):447-459. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.4.447
George, D. & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson.
Gojkov-Rajić, A., Stojanović, A., Šafranj, J. & Gojkov, G. (2021). Didaktički aspekti samoregulacije učenja darovitih [Didactic aspects of self-regulation of gifted learning], monografija, Srpska akademija obrazovanja, Beograd.
Goldberg, L. R. (2001). International personality item pool.
Kleitman, S. & Stankov, L. (2007). Self-confidence and meta-cognitive processes, Learning and Individual Differences, 17(2), 161-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2007.03.004.
Kremer, M., Brannen, C., & Glennerster, R. (2013). The challenge of education and learning in the developing world. Science, 340(6130), 297-300. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235350
Kudinov, I. S., Kudinov, S. S., Mikhailova, B. O., Kudinov, S. V., & Imomberdieva, M. N. (2020). Different self-attitude indicators in students and their self-realization in a University, International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE), 8(3), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2020-8-3-47-59
Lee, S.-Y., & Olszewski-Kubilius, P. (2006). The Emotional Intelligence, Moral Judgment, and Leadership of Academically Gifted Adolescents. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 30(1), 29 - 67. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320603000103
Lenney, E. (1977). Women’s self-confidence in achievement settings. Psychological Bulletin, 84(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.1.1
Lenney, E. (1981). What’s fine for the gander isn’t always good for the goose: Sex differences in self-confidence as a function of ability area and comparison with others. Sex Roles, 7, 905–924 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290974
Lenney, E., Gold, J. & Browning, C. (1983). Sex differences in self-confidence: The influence of comparison to others’ ability level. Sex Roles, 9, 925–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290054
Letić, (2015). Značaj moralnih i liderskih svojstava za ostvarenje darovitosti [The importance of moral and leadership qualities for the realization of giftedness], Doktorska disertacija, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
McCormick, C. B. (2003). Meta-cognition and learning. In W. M. Reynolds & G. E. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Educational psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 79–102). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0705
Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., & Vallerand, R. J. (2000). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Language Learning, 50(S1), 57–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00111
Noels, K.A., & Giles, H. (2009). Social identity and language learning. In W. Ritchie & T. Bhatia (Eds.) The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. (pp. 647-670). Bingley, UK: Emerald.
Oney, E., & Oksuzoglu-Guven, G. (2015). Confidence: A critical review of the literature and an alternative perspective for general and specific self-confidence. Psychological Reports, 116(1), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.PR0.116k14w0.
Pajares, F. (1996). Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings. Review of Educational Research. 66(4), 543-578. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430660045
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rozenbergova skala samopoštovanja [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale], Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/395539719/Rosenbergova-skala-samopo%C5%A1tovanja
Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1989). Self-Esteem and Adolescent Problems: Modeling Reciprocal Effects. American Sociological Review, 54, 1004-1018. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095720
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68. PMID: 11392867.
Šafranj, J., & Gojkov-Rajić, A. (2019). The Role of Personality Traits in the Choice and Use of Language Learning Strategies, Društvena istraživanja, 28(4): 691-709. https://doi.org/10.5559/di.28.4.07
Schraw, G., & Dennison, R. S. (1994). Assessing meta-cognitive awareness. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19(4), 460 475. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1994.1033
Seligman, B. A. (1998). Trust and sociability on the limits of confidence and role expectations. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 57, 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1998.tb03372.x
Singal, J. (2017). How the Self-Esteem Craze Took Over America And why the hype was irresistible. https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/self-esteem-grit-do-they-really-help.html; Retrieved 2. 06. 2021.
Stankov, L. & Crawford, J. D. (1997). Self-confidence and performance on tests of cognitive abilities, Intelligence 25(2), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(97)90047-7.
Stankov, L. (2013). Non-cognitive predictors of intelligence and academic achievement: An important role of confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(7), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.006
Stankov, L., & Lee, J. (2014). Quest for the best non-cognitive predictor of academic achievement. Educational Psychology, 34(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.858908
Sternberg, R. J. (1997). The concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success. American Psychologist, 52(10), 1030–1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.10.1030
Sternberg, R. J. (2009). The theory of successful intelligence. In J. C. Kaufman, E. L. Grigorenko (Eds.) & R. J. Sternberg, The essential Sternberg: Essays on intelligence, psychology, and education (pp. 71–100). Springer Publishing Co.
Sternberg, R. J. (2020). Understanding the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/triarchic-theory-of-intelligence-4172497.
Subotnik, R. F., & Jarvin, L. (2005). Beyond Expertise: Conceptions of Giftedness as Great Performance. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (pp. 343–357). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610455.020
Teovanović, P., Knežević, G., & Stankov, L. (2015). Individual differences in cognitive biases: Evidence against one-factor theory of rationality. Intelligence, 50, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2015.02.008
Zimmerman, M. A., Copeland, L. A., Shope, J. T., & Dielman, T.E. (1997). A Longitudinal Study of Self-Esteem: Implications for Adolescent Development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 26, 117–141. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024596313925
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Aleksandra Gojkov-Rajić, Jelisaveta Šafranj, Dragana Gak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Metrics
Plaudit
Accepted 2022-12-31
Published 2023-04-20